Testing the efficacy of pure versus guided mirror exposure in women with bulimia nervosa: A combination of neuroendocrine and psychological indices. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(3), 338–349.ĭíaz-Ferrer, S., Rodríguez-Ruiz, S., Ortega-Roldán, B., Moreno-Domínguez, S., & Fernández-Santaella, M. Differential social comparison processes in women with and without eating disorder symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 485–494. The development and validation of the body shape questionnaire. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 220–239.Ĭohen, J. Body image, mood, and televised images of attractiveness: The role of social comparison. Body weight and beauty: The changing face of the ideal female body weight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 420–430.īonafini, B. When better-than-others compare upward: Choice of comparison and comparative evaluation as independent predictors of academic performance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(3), 239–251.īlanton, H., Buunk, B. Can the media affect us? Social comparison, self-discrepancy, and the thin ideal. We propose that increasing the representation of normal weight and overweight women in media advertisements could help to neutralize or at least reduce the negative impact of media’s practice to idealize thin and overly thin women as symbols of female beauty.īessenoff, G. Furthermore, pre-existing body image concerns were not associated with the pre-to-post exposure effects. Whether participants were asked to compare themselves to the models explicitly or implicitly had no effect on the participants’ responses. Conversely, exposure to overweight models improved body image and decreased body dissatisfaction but it did not affect anxiety. Exposure to thin models deteriorated body image while increasing body dissatisfaction and anxiety. We also tested whether explicitly asking or not asking participants to compare themselves with the models would moderate social comparison effects.
We tested upward and downward social-comparison effects on self-evaluations by exposing 145 Spanish women to images of thin (upward) or overweight (downward) models. European football’s governing body UEFA EFA is the only region with a standalone World Cup qualifying competition.Mainstream media’s promotion of dangerously thin female images likely lowers self-image satisfaction and contributes to pathological body concerns and disordered eating among women. Last month, Fifpro urged governing body FIFA to improve conditions for all players in qualifiers for the next Women’s World Cup after a report highlighted multiple inconsistencies in the scheduling, duration and format during this year’s qualification phase.įifpro has called for standalone World Cup qualifying competitions in CONMEBOL, Concacaf, CAF and AFC confederations that cover the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
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“By using the milestone of the Women’s World Cup and the context for participating players, we can see where football stakeholders can come together to improve the international match calendar and make data-driven decisions on how to add and innovate with competitions to better promote performance and wellbeing for more players.”
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“Player workload is an important lens through which to assess some the overall needs of women’s football from an access, development, and competitive aspect,” Sarah Gregorius, Fifpro Director Global Policy & Strategic Relations, Women’s Football, said. Canada does not currently have a domestic women’s football league. Of the non-European countries, the report said that Japan and Brazil players collectively had the most minutes on the pitch over the last 10 months.Īustralia, U.S., and Canada players had significantly fewer minutes than most national teams because of smaller or non-existent domestic leagues. (Photo by Harry How/Getty Images) Getty Images during the Women's Group E first round match between Brazil and Sweden on Day 1 of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games at the Olympic Stadium on Augin Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL - AUGUST 06: Cristiane of Brazil celebrates her goal with her teammates.
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